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The Arctic and Antarctica , while exchangeable habitat in some way , are rest home to very dissimilar creatures . Both pole host a diverseness of seal and whale species , but only the Arctic is place to Earth ’s largest bear , thepolar bear .
Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) and their tumbly cubs can befound around the Arctic Circlein Alaska , Canada , Greenland ( part of Denmark ) , Norway , Russia and , from time to time , Iceland . A polar bear ’s pelt is specially befit for temperatures that can dip belowminus 22 degreesFahrenheit ( minus 30 degree Celsius ) . They live on on ice for most of their lives , feeding on fat - richsealsthat keep them energized for tenacious catamenia between meals .
Polar bears evolved in the Northern Hemisphere and adapted to an ice-rich environment.
Antarcticaalso has ocean ice-skating rink , cold temperature and seals . So why are n’t there any gelid bear on the southernmost continent ?
The answer has to do withevolutionand the geologic chronicle ofEarth .
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Polar bears evolved in the Northern Hemisphere and adapted to an ice-rich environment.
" Bearsare for the most part a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon , " said Andrew Derocher , a prof of biologic science at the University of Alberta in Canada who has contemplate polar bears for nigh 40 class . Aside from the Andean bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ) of South America , bears appear only in the Northern Hemisphere . There ’s no specific reasonableness for this , just that some mintage evolve in some places and some do n’t . " Biogeography is full of oddities , " Derocher said . " Some species made it to new places and some did n’t . "
For polar bears specifically , there was never a time in their evolutionary history when the North and South magnetic pole were touch base by ice-skating rink ( or land , for that matter ) . People say frigid bear are the " grownup mundane carnivore in the creation , and yet they ’re not a terrestrial species at all , " Derocher told Live Science . The magnanimous , white-hot bears live on ocean ice for almost their entire lives , only occasionally come ashore to breed .
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diametrical bear are , evolutionarily , a relatively young species . They evolved from a common ancestor of the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) sometime between 5 million and 500,000 years ago , Derocher enjoin . But even 5 million years ago , the continent were in similar spatial relation to where they are today , so opposite bears never contract the opportunity to travel from perch to rod . The closest landmass to Antarctica is the southern tip of South America , which includes Chile and Argentina . To get to Antarctica , frigid bears would have to traverse the treacherous Drake Passage . The domain is also jazz forpowerful storms and bumpy seasas frigid urine from the south runs into warm water from the compass north .
But if frigid bears capture the opportunity , would they survive on the South Pole ?
To Derocher , the answer is simple : " They would have so much fun in Antarctica . "
In the Arctic , polar bear eat on seals and the periodic bird or egg . Antarctica is abundant in all three , withsix seal speciesandfive penguin species . Plus , none of those animals have evolved to be wary of expectant , land - swan predators . The Antarctic landscape painting would be a free - for - all buffet for a polar bear — which is why no one should ever institute polar bear there . Their voracious appetite , combined with the local animal ' ignorance of large land predators , would likely lead to ecological collapse . It ’s credibly skilful for the outstanding white bear to continue in the north .
Originally issue on Live Science .
